3-Mcpd Esters
Level 4 — Significant concerns
3-Mcpd Esters is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.
Also: 3-MCPD, 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters, glycidyl esters
Where you'll see it
refined vegetable oils (palm, soybean), infant formula, fried foods, baked goods using refined oils
What the research says
Formed when free fatty acids (in fat) meet chloride ions (in salt) during flash heating ≥204°C/400°F, common in refined vegetable oil deodorization. Particularly toxic to kidney and testis, with hepatic effects.
[metabolical] Formed when free fatty acids (in fat) meet chloride ions (in salt) during flash heating ≥204°C/400°F, common in refined vegetable oil deodorization. Particularly toxic to kidney and testis, with hepatic effects.
Regulatory status
- Notes: From enrichment source only, not in Winter Dictionary
Sources
- Metabolical (Lustig) — Chapter 18: they are particularly toxic to the kidney and testis, but may also have effects on the liver and other organs. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has put an upper limit on the amounts in foods, but the FDA has only issued a guidance, not a limit