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Aspartame(E951)
Level 4 — Significant concernsIn Winter's Dictionary3 sources
Aspartame is a artificial sweetener — Nonnutritive sweetener; about 200x sweeter than sugar
Also: NutraSweet, Equal, NatraTaste, SugarTwin
What it does
Nonnutritive sweetener; about 200x sweeter than sugar
Where you'll see it
More than 6000 products worldwide including soft drinks, puddings, gelatin, frozen desserts, breakfast cereals, hot cocoa mix, yogurt, teas, breath mints, chewing gum, tabletop sweeteners
What the research says
Dr. Adrian Gross told Congress aspartame violated Delaney Amendment because it caused cancer in lab animals, especially brain tumors. 2008 Pretoria study said aspartame can disturb amino acid metabolism, protein structure and metabolism, integrity of genetic material, nerve function, hormone balance leading to nerve degeneration. Symptoms reported include headaches, insomnia, seizures. Lowers acidity of urine making urinary tract more susceptible to infection.
[ultra-processed-people] Authors of a 2019 paper concluded the European Food Safety Authority applied 'lax and forgiving criteria' to studies showing harmful effects of aspartame. Shares the broader artificial-sweetener pathway: sweet taste in mouth without calories disrupts insulin/glycaemic control and may alter microbiome. Hummingbirds, repurposed evolutionarily to detect sugars via umami receptors, hate aspartame — an indirect clue that what binds the human sweet receptor isn't biologically equivalent to sugar.
[metabolical] Non-nutritive sweetener that, in animal models, affects three of Lustig's eight subcellular pathologies (oxidative stress, membrane integrity, inflammation). Triggers cephalic insulin response (sweet taste pre-loads the pancreas), drives sugar craving, alters gut microbiome. Associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dementia in correlative studies; toxicity of two diet sodas approximates one sugared soda.
Regulatory status
- US FDA: GRAS
- EU: approved
- Notes: Mexico requires warning label that product should not be used by individuals allergic to phenylalanine
Sources
- Metabolical (Lustig) — Chapter 12: aspartame (NutraSweet), which in animal models affects three of our eight subcellular pathologies: oxidative stress, membrane integrity, and inflammation
- Ultra-Processed People (van Tulleken) — Chapter 13: UPF tastes odd: the authors of a 2019 paper felt that the European Food Safety Authority had applied lax and forgiving criteria to judge the studies showing harmful effects of aspartame
- A Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives (Winter): with about two hundred times the sweetness of sugar, discovered during routine screening of drugs for the treatment of ulcers