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Celiac Disease

Chronic immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine triggered by dietary gluten (wheat, rye, barley) in genetically susceptible (HLA-DQ2/DQ8) individuals, characterized by villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia.

Also: CD, Celiac sprue, Coeliac disease, Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy, Gluten-sensitive enteropathy

Affects ~1% of the global population, often undiagnosed. Serology: anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) plus total IgA; confirmation by duodenal biopsy (Marsh grade 2-3). Management is lifelong strict gluten-free diet (<20 ppm). Common nutrient deficits at diagnosis: iron, folate, B12, vitamin D, calcium, zinc. Refractory celiac disease (5% of adults) has poor prognosis and may evolve to enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma.

How each textbook covers it

duyff-complete-food-and-nutrition-guide-5e
Krause and Mahan's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 16th ed. — Chapter 28
Affects ~1% of the population. Diagnosis combines serology (tissue transglutaminase IgA, deamidated gliadin) with small bowel biopsy showing villous atrophy. The only treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet, which heals the mucosa and resolves symptoms. Untreated celiac increases risk of nutrient deficiencies (iron, calcium, B12, folate), osteoporosis, infertility, and lymphoma.
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 12th ed. — Ch 81: Celiac Disease
Affects ~1% of the global population, often undiagnosed. Serology: anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) plus total IgA; confirmation by duodenal biopsy (Marsh grade 2-3). Management is lifelong strict gluten-free diet (<20 ppm). Common nutrient deficits at diagnosis: iron, folate, B12, vitamin D, calcium, zinc. Refractory celiac disease (5% of adults) has poor prognosis and may evolve to enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma.

Related terms

Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Gluten, Gluten-Free Diet, Iron deficiency anemia, Lactose intolerance, Refractory Celiac Disease