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Gut Microbiota

Trillions of microorganisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, contributing to digestion, immunity, and metabolism.

Also: Intestinal Flora, Microbiome

Dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in healthy adults. Functions include fermentation of dietary fiber into SCFAs, synthesis of vitamins K and biotin, training of the immune system, and protection from pathogens. Dysbiosis is linked to IBS, IBD, obesity, T2DM, allergic disease, and mood disorders. Shaped by diet, antibiotics, mode of delivery (vaginal vs. cesarean), and environment.

How one textbook covers it

  • Krause and Mahan's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 16th ed. — Chapter 1

    Dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in healthy adults. Functions include fermentation of dietary fiber into SCFAs, synthesis of vitamins K and biotin, training of the immune system, and protection from pathogens. Dysbiosis is linked to IBS, IBD, obesity, T2DM, allergic disease, and mood disorders. Shaped by diet, antibiotics, mode of delivery (vaginal vs. cesarean), and environment.

Related terms

Dysbiosis, Gut-Brain Axis, Prebiotic, Probiotic