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Iodine
Trace element required as the substrate for thyroid hormone (T3, T4) synthesis, taken up by thyroid follicular cells via the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS).
Also: I
Adult RDA is 150 μg/d, 220 μg in pregnancy, 290 μg in lactation. Iodine deficiency causes goiter and is the leading global cause of preventable intellectual disability via maternal-fetal hypothyroidism (cretinism). Universal salt iodization has dramatically reduced deficiency but coverage gaps remain. Excess iodine (Wolff-Chaikoff effect, Jod-Basedow phenomenon) can also cause thyroid dysfunction. Urinary iodine is the standard population status biomarker (median 100-299 μg/L is adequate in adults).
How each textbook covers it
duyff-complete-food-and-nutrition-guide-5e
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 12th ed. — Ch 14: Iodine
Adult RDA is 150 μg/d, 220 μg in pregnancy, 290 μg in lactation. Iodine deficiency causes goiter and is the leading global cause of preventable intellectual disability via maternal-fetal hypothyroidism (cretinism). Universal salt iodization has dramatically reduced deficiency but coverage gaps remain. Excess iodine (Wolff-Chaikoff effect, Jod-Basedow phenomenon) can also cause thyroid dysfunction. Urinary iodine is the standard population status biomarker (median 100-299 μg/L is adequate in adults).
Related terms
Iodothyronine deiodinase, Selenium, Thyroid hormone