E.

2019 commission proposing a "planetary health diet" intended to feed 10 billion people in 2050 within planetary boundaries, emphasizing plant foods (vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, nuts) with limited animal protein.

eating disorder

Biologically active substances derived from linoleic and α-linolenic (n-6 and n-3) essential fatty acids.

Elder Flowers is a flavoring — Natural flavoring from white flowers of shrub

electrolyte

Sequential transfer of electrons from reduced coenzymes to oxygen, coupled with ATP formation, occurring within mitochondria.

Digital, longitudinal record of patient health information used across encounters and care settings.

Web-based, subscription version of the NCPT containing ~1,700 standardized nutrition care terms.

Electrostatic_Salt_Coating is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Extension of a polypeptide during protein synthesis, or addition of two-carbon units to a fatty acid chain.

empty calories

Encapsulated_Oil is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

All of the body's hormone-secreting glands.

Uptake of a substance into a cell via vesicles derived from the plasma membrane.

Enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds within the interior of a peptide or protein.

Network of membranous channels in the cytosol providing continuity among the nuclear envelope, Golgi, and plasma membrane.

Endosulfan is a pesticide residue — Insecticide on fruits, vegetables, growing tea

Reaction in which the products have more free energy than the reactants; requires energy input.

energy balance

Peptides that bind to opioid receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract.

enriched

Delivery of nutrients into the gastrointestinal tract via a tube or stoma when oral intake is inadequate.

Intestinal cell.

Movement of a substance, such as bile, from the liver to intestine and back.

Protein catalysts that increase the rate of biochemical reactions.

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (20:5n-3) from marine sources that is the precursor of series-3 prostaglandins, series-5 leukotrienes, and E-series resolvins.

Ephedra is a other — Herb containing ephedrine alkaloids

Epichlorohydrin is a solvent processing aid — Modifier for food starches

Science of factors influencing the frequency and distribution of disease in a defined population.

Heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alteration of the underlying DNA sequence, principally through DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs.

Ergocalciferol is a nutrient vitamin — Vitamin D2

Erythorbic Acid is a antioxidant — Antioxidant with 1/20th vitamin capacity of ascorbic acid

Erythritol is a natural sweetener — Sugar alcohol from fermentation of glucose

Erythromycin is a veterinary drug — Antibacterial; drug for beef, chicken eggs, pork, turkey

Erythrosine is a colorant — Sodium/potassium salt of tetraiodofluorescein; coal-tar derivative

Amino acid that cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient quantity to meet metabolic demand and must be obtained from the diet: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine.

The average daily intake of a nutrient estimated to meet the requirement of 50% of healthy individuals in a defined life-stage and sex group.

Estradiol is a veterinary drug — Natural estrogenic female hormone; growth promoter implanted in animals

Estragole is a flavoring — Synthetic fruit, licorice, anise, spice flavoring

Ethanol is a solvent processing aid — Solvent in candy, beverages, ice cream, candy glaze

Ethion is a pesticide residue — Insecticide to kill mites

Ethoxyquin is a antioxidant — Antioxidant in chili powder, paprika, ground chili

Ethyl Acrylate is a flavoring — Synthetic flavoring occurring naturally in pineapple and raspberries

Ethyl Carbamate is a other — Compound occurring in fermented foods/beverages

Ethyl Formate is a preservative — Yeast/mold inhibitor; fumigant for raisins, currants; fungicide

Ethyl Methylphenylglycidate is a flavoring — Synthetic flavoring with strong strawberry odor

Ethyl Vanillin is a flavoring — Synthetic flavoring stronger than vanilla

Ethylene Dibromide is a solvent processing aid — Fumigant; lead scavenger in gasoline

Ethylene Dichloride is a solvent processing aid — Halogenated hydrocarbon fumigant and solvent

Ethylene Glycol is a humectant — Antifreeze and humectant; solvent

Ethylene Oxide is a preservative — Fumigant on ground spices and processed natural seasonings

Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid is a preservative — Sequestrant in carbonated beverages; promotes color retention

Eucalyptol is a flavoring — Chief constituent of eucalyptus oil; mint flavoring

Eugenol is a flavoring — Synthetic fruit, nut, spice flavoring; defoamer in yeast production

Cells with a defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

Evaporated Cane Juice is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Use of formula as the sole nutrition source (typically 6-8 weeks) for induction of remission in pediatric Crohn's disease, with efficacy comparable to corticosteroids without growth suppression.

Process by which compounds are released from cells.

Segments of a gene that code for a sequence of nucleotides in a specific mRNA.

Enzyme that hydrolyzes amino acids off the terminal end of a peptide or protein.

Reaction in which reactants have more free energy than products; releases energy as heat.