D.

Daily Value (DV)

dairy group

Daminozide is a pesticide residue — Apple growth regulator

Dandelion is a flavoring — Essential oil flavoring; salad green

Dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, lean protein, nuts, and seeds, proven to lower blood pressure.

DASH eating plan

Dde is a pesticide residue — Degradation product of DDT

Ddt is a pesticide residue — Synthetic pesticide

Removal of an amino (NH2) group from an amino acid.

Defatted_Beef_Trimmings is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Dehydroacetic Acid is a preservative — Preservative in cut or peeled squash; antienzyme in toothpaste

Enzymes that catalyze reactions in which hydrogens and electrons are removed from a reactant.

Delaney Amendment is a other — 1958 law prohibiting any cancer-causing additive in food

Deltamethrin is a pesticide residue — Pesticide containing cyanide used for tomato products

Denatonium is a other — Aversive agent to prevent accidental ingestion

Oral infectious disease in which organic acids from bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrate demineralize tooth enamel and dentin.

Process of converting a saturated compound to an unsaturated one.

Designer_Sodium is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Hypothesis that maternal and early-life nutritional and environmental exposures shape lifelong risk of chronic disease.

Dextran is a stabilizer — Foam stabilizer for beer; substitute for barley malt

Dextrin is a stabilizer — Foam stabilizer for beer; diluting agent

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (22:6n-3) concentrated in brain phospholipids and retinal photoreceptors, essential for neurodevelopment and visual function.

diabetes

Life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.

Diacetyl is a flavoring — Butter aroma carrier; flavoring

Dichloromethane is a solvent processing aid — Paint remover, solvent, cleaning agent, strawberry/grain fumigant

Dichlorvos is a pesticide residue — Organophosphate insecticide

Dieldrin is a pesticide residue — Pesticide

Non-digestible carbohydrate polymers and lignin intrinsic to plants, plus added isolated or synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates with demonstrated physiological benefit (FDA 2016 definition).

Unit expressing folate intake adjusted for the higher bioavailability of synthetic folic acid relative to food folate: 1 μg DFE = 1 μg food folate = 0.6 μg folic acid taken with food = 0.5 μg folic acid taken on an empty stomach.

Federal, evidence-based dietary recommendations issued jointly by USDA and HHS every five years.

Umbrella term for the suite of nutrient reference values (EAR, RDA, AI, UL, CDRR) developed jointly by the United States and Canada to plan and assess diets of healthy populations and individuals.

Product intended to supplement the diet that contains vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, or other dietary substances.

1994 U.S. law that defined dietary supplements and established the regulatory framework treating them more like foods than drugs.

Diethanolamine is a solvent processing aid — Solvent, emulsifying additive, detergent

Diethyl Pyrocarbonate is a preservative — Fermentation inhibitor

Diethylstilbesterol is a veterinary drug — Synthetic estrogen fed to cattle and sheep to fatten them

Dimethyl Dicarbonate is a preservative — Fungicide used in wine to inhibit yeast growth

Dimethyl Polysiloxane is a other — Antifoaming additive for processing foods

Dimethylpolysiloxane is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Dioxin is a other — By-product of additive orange (2,4-D and 2,4,5-T)

Diphosphates is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Method of measuring the dissipation of heat from the body.

Sugars formed by combining two monosaccharides through a glycosidic bond.

Disodium Edta is a preservative — Food preservative and sequestering additive

Disodium Guanylate is a flavor enhancer — Flavor intensifier more effective than sodium inosinate and glutamate

Disodium Inosinate is a flavor enhancer — Flavor potentiator (ineffective without MSG)

disordered eating

Diuron is a pesticide residue — Preemergent herbicide and sugarcane flowering suppressant

Proton-coupled apical brush border transporter that imports ferrous iron and other divalent metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd) into enterocytes and erythroid precursors.

division of feeding responsibility

Experiment in which neither the administrator nor the subject knows the treatment assignment.

Stable-isotope reference method for measuring total energy expenditure in free-living conditions, exploiting differential disappearance of orally administered 2H218O.

Dragees is a other — Metallic silver or gold balls used as cake decorations

Dried Algae Meal is a colorant — Color additive in feed of salmonid fish to enhance flesh color

Effect of a medication on nutrient absorption, metabolism, or status, or vice versa.

DSHEA

Imaging method using two X-ray energies to differentiate bone mineral, lean soft tissue, and fat mass, providing the reference clinical measurement for bone mineral density and a widely used three-compartment body composition tool.

Dulcamara Extract is a preservative — Preservative from nightshade family

Dulcin is a artificial sweetener — Nonnutritive sweetener

Symptoms caused by rapid emptying of gastric contents into the small intestine, common after gastric surgery.

Alteration in gut microbiota composition, function, or diversity associated with a disease state or perturbation, with no single agreed-upon definition.

Difficulty swallowing, which can compromise nutrition, hydration, and airway safety.