T.

Talc is a anti caking — Anticaking additive in vitamin supplements, gum base, rice, spices

Tall Oil is a other — By-product of wood pulp industry; fungicide and cutting oil

Tallow, Beef is a other — Fat from cattle and sheep used in shortenings, gum, candies

Tangerine Oil is a flavoring — Oil expressed from tangerine peels

Five-stage scale describing physical sexual maturation during puberty, based on breast and pubic hair development in girls and genital and pubic hair development in boys.

Tannic Acid is a flavoring — Refining additive and astringent flavoring

Tapioca Starch is a thickener gum — Starch from cassava used for thickening

Tarragon is a flavoring — Aromatic herb Artemisia dracunculus

Tars is a flavoring — Dark viscous liquids from destructive distillation of wood/coal

Tartaric Acid is a acidulant — Acidity adjuster, sequestrant, and emulsifier

Tartrazine is a colorant — Bright orange-yellow coal-tar dye

Taurine is a amino acid — Amino acid added to infant soy formulas and feed

Tbhq is a antioxidant — Antioxidant containing petroleum-derived butane

Eight-step mitochondrial matrix cycle that completely oxidizes acetyl-CoA to two CO2 while generating 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP per cycle for ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation.

Tea is a flavoring — Beverage leaves of Camellia sinensis

Tea Tree Oil is a flavoring — Essential oil used as germicide

temperature danger zone

Capable of causing birth defects in a fetus.

Testosterone Propionate is a veterinary drug — Steroid male hormone used to increase growth in cattle

Prolonged muscle contraction due to inadequate blood calcium.

Tetrachloroethylene is a solvent processing aid — Dry-cleaning solvent used in food packaging

Tetracycline is a veterinary drug — Antibiotic used in cattle, chickens, lambs, sheep, turkeys

Tetrasodium Edta is a preservative — Sequestering and chelating additive

Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate is a emulsifier — Cheese emulsifier and sequestering additive

Hereditary anemia from defective hemoglobin synthesis.

Thaumatin is a natural sweetener — Intensely sweet protein from West African plant

Theobroma Oil is a other — Solid fat from cacao bean used in confectionery

Theobromine is a other — Alkaloid from cocoa, cola, tea, chocolate

Production of heat within the body.

Regulatory mechanism that balances heat production and loss.

Thiabendazole is a pesticide residue — Mold retardant fungicide for fruits and animal feed

Thiamine Hydrochloride is a nutrient vitamin — Dietary supplement and B1 enrichment

Active coenzyme form of thiamine that participates in α-ketoacid decarboxylation reactions (pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase) and transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway.

Thiodipropionic Acid is a antioxidant — Antioxidant in general food use

Thiourea is a antioxidant — Banned antioxidant

Threonine is a amino acid — Essential amino acid

Bioactive compounds derived from linoleic or α-linolenic acids.

Thyme is a flavoring — Aromatic herb used in sausage, soup, thyme flavorings

Thymol is a flavoring — Topical antifungal aromatic flavoring

Tilapia Red Dye is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Tin Compounds is a other — Trace element in fresh and canned foods

Titanium Dioxide is a colorant — White pigment for candy, gum, marker ink

Tocopherols is a antioxidant — Antioxidant for essential oils and fats

The highest average daily intake of a nutrient likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects in almost all individuals in a specified life-stage group.

Toluene is a solvent processing aid — Water-purifying additive and food-processing solvent

Tomato Lycopene is a colorant — Carotenoid pigment with antioxidant activity

Tonka is a flavoring — Formerly used for coumarin extracts

Sum of dietary fiber plus functional fiber in a food.

Toxaphene is a pesticide residue — Chlorinated camphene insecticide

Trailblazer is a other — Microparticulated whey protein fat replacer

trans fat

Unsaturated fatty acids with at least one double bond in the trans configuration, primarily from industrial partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, with smaller amounts naturally from ruminant fat.

Rapid intestinal calcium absorption stimulated by the active form of vitamin D.

Synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.

Proteins that bind specific DNA sites and alter transcription of nearby genes.

G-protein in the eye that responds to opsin changes and is involved in the visual cycle.

Enzymes that transfer a functional group from one substrate to another.

Plasma glycoprotein that binds two atoms of ferric iron and delivers iron to cells via transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Energy level at which reactant molecules have been activated and can undergo an exothermic reaction.

Process by which mRNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Movement of a compound or agent across a cell membrane.

Proteins that transport nutrients in blood or into and out of cells or organelles.

Trehalose is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Trenbolone is a veterinary drug — Synthetic anabolic steroid to feed cattle

Triacetin is a humectant — Solvent, fixative, humectant, plasticizer

Tribasic Calcium Phosphate is a anti caking — Anticaking additive and calcium supplement

Aerobic mitochondrial cycle that produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

Trichlorethylene is a solvent processing aid — Solvent for decaffeinating coffee

Triethyl Citrate is a emulsifier — Sequestering additive in dried egg

Trigeminal_Nerve_Stimulants is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

triglyceride

Hepatic FMO3 oxidation product of microbiota-derived trimethylamine (TMA), itself derived from dietary choline, phosphatidylcholine, carnitine, and betaine, associated in observational studies with cardiovascular and renal outcomes.

Trisodium Phosphate is a emulsifier — Highly alkaline emulsifier in cheese

Apical, vitamin D-induced, calcium-selective channel that mediates the entry step of transcellular intestinal calcium absorption.

Tryptophan is a amino acid — Essential amino acid and serotonin precursor

Maximum amount of a substance reabsorbed by renal tubules per unit time.

Cytokine released by immune cells that causes tumor destruction and neutrophil migration.

Proinflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and adipocytes that activates NF-κB signaling, drives insulin resistance via serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, and contributes to cachexia.

Turmeric is a colorant — Curry flavor and yellow coloring from Curcuma longa

Turmeric Oleoresin is a colorant — Flavor and color concentrate from turmeric

Turpentine is a flavoring — Pine resin used in spice flavorings for baked goods

Tylosin is a veterinary drug — Antibiotic for cattle, chicken, pigs, turkey

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells resulting in absolute insulin deficiency.

Diabetes characterized by insulin resistance with progressive beta-cell dysfunction; the most common form, accounting for 90 to 95% of cases.

Tyramine is a other — Derivative of tyrosine in many foods

Tyrosine is a amino acid — Nonessential amino acid for development and function